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- $Unique_ID{BRK04322}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Waldmann Disease}
- $Subject{Waldmann Disease Hypoproteinemia, Idiopathic Intestinal
- Lymphangiectasia Intestinal Lymphangiectasis Primary Intestinal
- Lymphangiectasia Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasis Familial Hypoproteinemia
- with Lymphangiectatic Enteropathy Lymphangiectatic Protein-Losing Enteropathy
- Hypercatabolic Protein-Losing Enteropathy Neonatal Lymphedema due to Exudative
- Enteropathy Familial Dysproteinemia }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 91:
- Waldmann Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Waldmann Disease) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Hypoproteinemia, Idiopathic
- Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
- Intestinal Lymphangiectasis
- Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
- Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasis
- Familial Hypoproteinemia with Lymphangiectatic Enteropathy
- Lymphangiectatic Protein-Losing Enteropathy
- Hypercatabolic Protein-Losing Enteropathy
- Neonatal Lymphedema due to Exudative Enteropathy
- Familial Dysproteinemia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Waldmann Disease may be a congenital or an acquired digestive disorder.
- It is characterized by dilatation of the intestinal lymphatic system,
- particularly the lymph vessels in the intestinal villi (lacteals) that
- transport milky-white, protein-rich lymph (chyle).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Waldmann Disease is characterized by a widening (dilatation) of the lymphatic
- vessels in the wall of the small intestine. When these vessels rupture,
- milky white, protein rich lymph (chyle) leaks through the intestinal wall
- into the bowel lumen. The chyle may also accumulate in the cavity around the
- intestines (peritoneal cavity), and it may also leak into the cavity around
- the lungs (pleural cavity).
-
- Swelling of the extremities (edema) also may occur. This usually begins
- at birth or shortly thereafter. An excessive amount of fat in the feces
- (steatorrhea), decreased protein in the blood (hypoproteinemia), reduced
- blood calcium (hypocalcemia), and a reduced number of lymphocytes in the
- blood (lymphocytopenia) may also occur.
-
- In cases where Waldmann Disease is genetic, it is inherited as a
- dominant genetic trait.
-
- Causes
-
- Waldmann Disease may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. (Human
- traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
- one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease
- gene (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed
- "dominating" the normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The
- risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50%
- for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.) It may
- also be acquired as a consequence of an infection in the major lymphatic
- ducts. Additionally, it may be caused by an abnormal growth (neoplasm).
-
- Affected Population
-
- Waldmann Disease may affect children and young adults of both sexes.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Crohn's Disease, also known as Regional Enteritis, is a form of inflammatory
- bowel disease characterized by severe, often granulomatous, chronic
- inflammation of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. In most cases, some
- part of the intestinal segment between the beginning of the ileum and the
- rectum is affected. (For more information, choose "Crohn" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Whipple's Disease (Intestinal Lipodystrophy) is an uncommon disorder of
- unknown origin. This disorder affects the lining of the small intestine,
- resulting in malabsorption of nutrients. The disorder may also affect other
- organs such as the heart, lung, brain, joints, eye, and gastrointestinal
- tract. (For more information, choose "Whipple" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (Gasser Syndrome, or HUS) is a hereditary
- disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia, decrease in blood platelets
- (thrombocytopenia) and renal failure. These symptoms are associated with
- infection and gastroenteritis. HUS occurs most commonly in women with
- complications of pregnancy, and in children under 5 years of age.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Some patients with Waldmann Disease improve on a low-fat diet, containing
- whole whey protein and maltodextrin, with supplements of medium-chain fats
- (triglycerides) and a small amount of long-chain triglycerides to supply
- essential fatty acids. Occasionally surgical removal of the involved part of
- the intestine, if the lesion is localized, may be beneficial.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through May
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Waldmann Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Lymphatic and Venous Diseases Association
- Cambridge Medical Supply
- 218 Monsignor O'Brien Highway
- Cambridge, MA 02141
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-2162
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIA COMPLICATED BY SHORT GUT
- SYNDROME: J.M. Thompson, A. Brett, and S.J. Rose; Human Nutrition and
- Applied Nutrition (April, 1986: issue 40:2). Pp. 136-140.
-
-